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Treacodactyl Downsizer Moderator
Joined: 28 Oct 2004 Posts: 25795 Location: Jumping on the bandwagon of opportunism
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dougal
Joined: 15 Jan 2005 Posts: 7184 Location: South Kent
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Posted: Wed Dec 28, 05 3:09 pm Post subject: Re: Woodfuel facts |
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Treacodactyl wrote: |
... if I've read a table correctly, a 30kWh energy requirement will need 41 tonnes a year of wood which can be met by 1.2 hectares of high yielding Short Rotation Forestry poplar on a 5 year cycle. |
Ummm, well.
30 kWh is their mistake. They say that a 30 kW (no h) woodburner will require perhaps 41 tonnes of seasoned wood a year (making assumptions about demand, seasoning {to 35% moisture content} and burning efficiency.)
Using their figures, 41 tonnes should supply about (41 x 11.5 x 277.8 = ) 131,000 kWh over the year - which comes out rather suspiciously close to 15 kW every hour 24/365, or flat out 50% of the time, (around the clock, all year). Has someone been making round number estimates?
Table 4 in TN 16/96 suggests 1.2 hectares needs to be cleared each year of the 5 year cycle since the column is headed "ha/yr", and the last sentance on Page 4 is "To provide a self sustaining supply the area must be multiplied by the rotation length in years to show total land requirement."
Thus the land requirement would be 6 ha of timber for a five year rotation.
And allowing for seasoning, one would have a six year wait before benefiting.
(Being a touch pedantic, it looks like 41/33 hecatares per year, ie 6.2 ha total for a five year rotation.)
I note from Table 1 that in the first 5 years a hectare of wood should produce about 33 tonnes of seasoned fuel, however after 10 years the same hectare would have produced 159 tonnes, so its put on 126 T in the second 5 years, almost 4x as much as was produced in the first 5 years. In the third 5 year period, 172 T is added.
It would appear that there is a considerable yield benefit from growing the trees bigger, ie harvesting when older than 5 years.
Thus, for a 10 year rotation, only 41/159 (ie 0.258) ha of mature trees need be cleared each year, a total requirement of 2.58 ha of woodland, about 42% of the requirement for a 5 year rotation. Just 1.86 ha would be needed if a 15 year rotation could be established.
Presumably the financial maths of the yield, and 'growing' a surplus, initially to allow a lengthening rotation, then to sell, are well established? (I'm surprised that the land requirement drops so slowly with the lengthening rotation...)
Now, in calculating the cost of the woodfuel, (as being rather cheap, much cheaper than even mains gas in 1996), I'm not sure that they are taking *any* account of the cost of the land - are they? |
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Treacodactyl Downsizer Moderator
Joined: 28 Oct 2004 Posts: 25795 Location: Jumping on the bandwagon of opportunism
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SilentThunder
Joined: 08 Feb 2006 Posts: 3
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Posted: Wed Feb 08, 06 1:58 pm Post subject: Wood Burning - Which woods provide good heat |
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Treacodactyl wrote: |
It would also be good to see a scientific test of the energy in different types of wood as I've always understood poplar to not give off as much heat as ash & oak, an ash coppice example would be interesting. |
I did some research a while ago on this very question, here's what I found.
One site said the following were the best for heat producing capability:
Hickory - 31 to 32 mm btu/cord
Oak - 30 to 31 mm btu/cord
Black Locust - 28 mm btu/cord
Beech - 27 mm btu/cord
Elms/Maples - 21 to 26 mm btu/cord
The other site gave these figures:
Species, Million Btu/Cord
Almond 24
Apple 24
Locust, Black 24
Madrone 24
Oak, Live 24
Oak, White 23
I hope that's of some use, if not, here's the links I gave for reference, perhaps they'll be useful in finding a better source of the information.
https://www.tdc.ca/wood.htm
https://forestry.about.com/cs/firewood/f/firewood_values.htm
https://www.ecofire.com/Wood.htm
There's also a very interesting poem from Tree Farm by John Estabrook about the qualities of the different woods, it's worth a read:
WOOD HEAT
Beech wood fires are bright and clear
If the logs are kept a year.
Chestnut's only good, they say
If for long it's laid away.
But ash wood new or ash wood old
Is fit for a queen with a crown of gold.
Birch and fir logs burn too fast,
Blaze up bright and do not last.
Is by the Irish said
Hawthorn bakes the sweetest bread.
Elm wood burns like churchyard mould -
E'en the very flames are cold;
But ash wood green and ash wood brown
Is fit for a queen with a golden crown.
Poplar gives a bitter smoke,
Fills your eyes and makes you choke.
Apple wood will scent your room
With an incense like perfume.
Oaken logs if dry and old
Keep away the winter cold.
But ash wood wet and ash wood dry
A king shall warm his slippers by.
Oak logs will warm you well,
If they're warm and dry.
Larch logs of pine wood smell
But sparks will fly.
Beech logs for Christmas time;
Yew logs heat well.
Scotch logs it's a crime
For anyone to sell.
Birch logs will burn too fast,
Chestnut scarce at all.
Hawthorn logs are good to last,
If cut in the fall.
Holly logs will burn like wax,
You should burn them green.
Elm logs like smouldering flax;
No flames to be seen.
Pear logs and apple logs,
They will scent your room.
Cherry logs across the dogs
Smell like flowers in bloom.
But ash logs all smooth and gray,
Burn them green or old,
Buy up all that come you way,
They're worth their weight in gold.
from Tree Farm by John Estabrook |
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tahir
Joined: 28 Oct 2004 Posts: 45676 Location: Essex
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sean Downsizer Moderator
Joined: 28 Oct 2004 Posts: 42219 Location: North Devon
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Treacodactyl Downsizer Moderator
Joined: 28 Oct 2004 Posts: 25795 Location: Jumping on the bandwagon of opportunism
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SilentThunder
Joined: 08 Feb 2006 Posts: 3
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tahir
Joined: 28 Oct 2004 Posts: 45676 Location: Essex
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Blue Peter
Joined: 21 Mar 2005 Posts: 2400 Location: Milton Keynes
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dougal
Joined: 15 Jan 2005 Posts: 7184 Location: South Kent
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Treacodactyl Downsizer Moderator
Joined: 28 Oct 2004 Posts: 25795 Location: Jumping on the bandwagon of opportunism
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Treacodactyl Downsizer Moderator
Joined: 28 Oct 2004 Posts: 25795 Location: Jumping on the bandwagon of opportunism
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Treacodactyl Downsizer Moderator
Joined: 28 Oct 2004 Posts: 25795 Location: Jumping on the bandwagon of opportunism
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thos
Joined: 08 Mar 2005 Posts: 1139 Location: Jauche, Duchy of Brabant (Bourgogne-ci) and Charolles, Duchy of Burgundy (Bourgogne-�a)
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